• Inclusion

• Feedback Cycles

• Dealing with diversity

Formal social epistemology of science (FSEOS) studies how the social organisation of science (its incentives, networks, and reward structures) shapes scientists' behaviour, typically through mathematical and computational models. This chapter, which concludes a book-length critique, charges that such modelling tends to describe scientists 'from the outside,' as agents driven by incentives rather than as people responsive to shared norms and reasons; the chapter calls this stance 'cold.' Rather than abandoning FSEOS, whose models are valuable, the chapter argues for reforming it. The main requirement is that theorists can recognise themselves in those they study: a condition called reflexivity, which dissolves coldness. Drawing on Habermas, Strawson, and non-formal social epistemology, the chapter develops a picture of philosophy and the sciences as distinct but interconnected communicative practices. This picture delivers a richer account of scientific norms. Reformed, 'warm' FSEOS should ground its models in this account, and engage scientists in conversation, supporting their capacity to deliberate about how their own communities should be organised. The programme is captured in two slogans: strengthen the social-theoretical foundations of FSEOS, and seek connection with the sciences.

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